Plant protection products in agricultural fields – residues in earthworms and assessment of potentially toxic effects to the environment

The environmental risk assessment of plant protection products for soil organisms is mainly based on the results laboratory and extended studies while link from to realistic field conditions over several seasons not well established. current applied a single active ingredient does consider that are exposed varying degrees mixture ingredients different pesticides. In this study, earthworm samples were collected eight fields in Croatia during two growing analyzed 300 ingredients. concentrations 26 ranged between 0.000 0.247 mg/kg fresh weight with mean 0.005 weight. percentage values below limit detection (LOD = ½ LOQ), quantification (LOQ 0.001 mg/kg) above LOQ 33, 44 23 %, respectively. Based publicly available draft reports European Commission Food Safety Authority, degradation parameters (DT50, DT90) used calculate curves concentration at date sampling. Subsequently, compound-specific bioconcentration factors determined by dividing pesticide residues earthworms calculated soil. study showed most do pose have no secondary poisoning potential birds mammals feed them. retrospective analysis method analytically measured neonicotinoid can be reliably time